Green Tartu
Spatial Planning Project
The city of Tartu (Tartu linn) is divided into 18 districts with the river Emajõgi running along the most important district of the city – Kesklinn (The City Centre) which dates back to the Swedish occupation of Estonia during the late 15th century. Located to the south of Kesklinn is Karlova which dates back to the post war Estonia and still embodies the aura of its time. Annelinn which is another important district especially in terms of mass housing, was designed and constructed as a mikrorayon during the post war Soviet occupation of Estonia roughly following Le Corbusier’s modern city planning principles. Before and after Estonia’s independence from the Soviet, the city of Tartu has exhibited a centrifugal growth like most cities during which all its peripheral districts like Maarjamõisa emerged. As a result of the diverse historical occupation of Estonia, the many districts of Tartu exhibit a varied land use pattern and therefore the distribution of green spaces in all the districts is not homogenous both in terms of quality and quantity.
Green Tartu
Spatial Planning Project
The city of Tartu (Tartu linn) is divided into 18 districts with the river Emajõgi running along the most important district of the city – Kesklinn (The City Centre) which dates back to the Swedish occupation of Estonia during the late 15th century. Located to the south of Kesklinn is Karlova which dates back to the post war Estonia and still embodies the aura of its time. Annelinn which is another important district especially in terms of mass housing, was designed and constructed as a mikrorayon during the post war Soviet occupation of Estonia roughly following Le Corbusier’s modern city planning principles. Before and after Estonia’s independence from the Soviet, the city of Tartu has exhibited a centrifugal growth like most cities during which all its peripheral districts like Maarjamõisa emerged. As a result of the diverse historical occupation of Estonia, the many districts of Tartu exhibit a varied land use pattern and therefore the distribution of green spaces in all the districts is not homogenous both in terms of quality and quantity.
Human Migrations
concerning Estonia
(Done as a part of Internship with
Centre of Applied Social Sciences,
Johan Skytte Institute of Political Sciences, University of Tartu)
Abstract
The study conducted here intends to visualize the major trends in the human migrations concerning Estonia. The migration processes are mainly classified into internal migrations (migrations of people within Estonia but amongst different counties) and external migrations(migrations of people from or outside Estonia). Further, Ernst Georg Ravenstein’s laws of migration have been tested in the context of the migrations concerning Estonia using a correlation analysis and to understand the limitations of these laws as well as the challenges faced during spatial analysis based on these laws.
Keywords: Human Migrations, Migrations concerning Estonia, Ravenstein’s Laws of Migrations
Migrations concerning Estonia
The contemporary Estonian demography majorly consists of Estonians and Russian speaking minorities. Major trends in the human migrations concerning Estonia could be visibly categorized and classified during the last one and half century. The earliest wave of the migration was witnessed when the farmers were granted with mobility rights and this wave was the emigration. The second wave of migration was during the post world war 2 era, after 1944 which was immigration. The third wave of migration was witnessed after Estonia got its independence and joined the EU and it was emigration.
The study also delves into the internal migration trends observed amongst various counties of Estonia. Various visualizations in the following slides would give an insight into the trends of both Internal and External migrations in Estonia.
Internal Migration in Estonia
The internal migration of Estonia refers to the migration of people within Estonia from one county to another county. There are 15 counties in Estonia. Population Register in Estonia provides the data regarding the registration of people in different counties as their residing place.
External Migrations of Estonia
The geography and socio-economic scenario concerning the countries of emigrants and immigrants in Estonia plays a major in molding the external migration trends. Estonia is situated in the Eastern part of the Europe which like the other Eastern European countries was a part of the former Soviet Union. But after its independence, Estonia joined the European Union officially. These two factors could be considered as the drivers of the migrations concerning Estonia.
In order to visualize the migration trends, the most popular destinations and origins of migrants have been considered based on the number of migrants. Further, a flow map has been created for each, immigration, emigration and net migration to visualize the migration trends. From the maps, it is evident how the geography and history of the Estonia and its surrounding countries impact the external migration trend concerning Estonia.
It is evident that Finland, Germany and the UK are the top destinations for Estonian citizens. It is interesting to observe how distance between the origin and destination countries could play and important role in the emigration.
It is evident that Finland, Germany and the UK are the top destinations for Estonian citizens. It is interesting to observe how distance between the origin and destination countries could play and important role in the emigration.
It is evident that Finland, Germany, UK and Sweden are the top destinations of immigrants while Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Latvia are top origins of immigrants.
Overall, it could be observed that the migration stream of directed towards the wealthier EU countries